| American Association of University Women (AAUW) Awards | Varies | For some | | |
| AAAS Mass Media Science and Engineering Fellows Program | January | | | STEM |
| AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fellowships | November | No | | STEM or social sciences |
| AACR Basic Cancer Research Fellowships | January | Yes | | Biomedical |
| African American History Mellon Scholars Post-Doctoral Fellowship | March | | | History |
| Alpha-1 Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Grant | September (LoI), February (application) | | | Biomedical |
| American Diabetes Association Postdoctoral Fellowship | April | Yes | | Biomedical |
| American Epilepsy Society Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship | November (LoI)/January (application) | Yes | | Biomedical |
| American Heart Association/Myocarditis Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship Award | July | Yes | <5 years | Biomedical |
| American Museum of Natural History Postdoctoral Fellowship | November | Yes | | North American fauna, marine research, bioinformatics, ornithology, or museum anthropology |
| American Society for Human Genetics: Genetics Education and Engagement Fellowship | April | Yes; must be eligible to work in United States | | Genetics and education |
| American Society for Mass Spectrometry Postdoctoral Award | November | | <3 years | Mass spec |
| Association for Frontotemporal Degeneration Postdoctoral Research Fellowship | November (LoI)/January (proposal) | Yes | <3 years | Biomedical |
| Astronomical TGF Fellowship Programme | March | PhD and postdoc research performed in different countries | < year | Cosmology and astronomy |
| Ataxia-telangiectasia Postdoctoral Fellowship Award | August | | <1 year | Biomedical |
| Australia's Endeavor Research Fellowships | June | Yes | | Variety |
| Autism Speaks Meixner Fellowship in Translational Research | February | Yes | ≤5 years | Biomedical |
| Banting Postdoctoral Fellowships | September | Canadian citizens and postdocs training in Canada | | |
| Baxter Young Investigator Award Program | June | Yes | | Biomedical |
| Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds Travel Grants | | International travel to/from Europe | | |
| Breast Cancer Research Program Breakthrough Award | May | Yes | Not listed | Biomedical |
| Bright Focus Alzheimer's Disease Research (ADR): Postdoctoral Fellowship Awards | October | | | Biomedical |
| Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Awards at the Scientific Interface | September/January | Yes | 12-48 months | Transitions from physical/ mathematical/computational sciences or engineering into work in the biological sciences |
| Burroughs Wellcome Fund Postdoctoral Enrichment Program | January | No | ≤36 mo. experience and ≤5 years since Ph.D. | Biomedical; underrepresented minority |
| Burroughs Wellcome Fund Collaborative Research Travel Grants (CRTG) | February | | | Biomedical |
| Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation: Machine Learning in the Chemical Sciences and Engineering | April | | | Chemical sciences; note applications come from the PI |
| Cancer Research Institute Irvington Postdoctoral Fellowship Program | April 1 and Oct. 1 | Yes | ≤5 years | Biomedical |
| CF@LANTA Research Development Program Fellowships | June | Yes | | Biomedical |
| CURE (Citizens United for Research in Epilepsy) Taking Flight Award | November and April | Yes | >3 years | Biomedical |
| Custom Animal Model Award (CAMA) | November | | | Biology |
| Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellowships | September | Yes (if working in US) | | Biomedical |
| Danone Gut Microbiome, Yogurt and Probiotics Fellowship | February | No | | Biomedical |
| Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation Fellowship Award | March and August | Yes | | Biomedical |
| Debbie's Dream Foundation-AACR Gastric Cancer Research Fellowship | November | Yes | | Biomedical |
| Defense Threat Reduction Agency's Postdoctoral Scholars Program: Fundamental Research to Counter Weapons of Mass Destruction | April | | | Defense |
| DoD Breast Cancer Breakthrough Award Levels 1 and 2 | November | Yes | | Biomedical |
| DoD Cancer Research Program Horizon Award | September | | | Biomedical |
| DoD Prostate Cancer Research Program | May | Yes | | Biomedical |
| DoD Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Research Program (TSCRP) | March | Yes | | Biomedical |
| Entomological Society of America (ESA) Henry and Sylvia Richardson Research Grant | June | | | Entomology |
| European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) Postdoctoral Fellowships | February | | >2 years | International exchange is required |
| Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Postdoctoral Research Awards | April | No | ≤5 years | Energy efficiency and renewable energy |
| Epilepsy Foundation of America Postdoctoral Research Training Fellowship | January | Yes; work must be done in United States | Have Ph.D. by time fellowship starts | Biomedical |
| Ford Foundation Fellowships | November | No | | Sciences, social science, and humanities |
| Fragile X Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowships | February | Yes | | Biomedical |
| Fulbright Postdoctoral Scholar Awards | August | Yes | | Various |
| Giovanni Armenise-Harvard Career Development Awards | July | Yes | 3-10 years | Biological sciences |
| Glenn/AFAR Postdoctoral Fellowship Program for Translational Research on Aging | March (letter of intent)/June (full application if invited) | | ≤5 years | Biomedical |
| Helen Hay Whitney Foundation Research Fellowship Program | July | Yes | ≤5 years | Biomedical |
| Hope Funds for Cancer Research Postdoctoral Fellowship | September | | <2 years in sponsor's lab | Biomedical |
| Howard Hughes Medical Institute Hanna H. Gray Fellow Program for Early Career Scientists | February | Yes | <12 months | Biomedical |
| IEEE Life Members' Fellowship in Electrical History | February | | ≤4 years | Electrical science and technology |
| Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program | April | No | <5 years | Various |
| Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund for Medical Research Postdoctoral Fellowship | February | Yes; for foreign nationals, awards will be made only for study in the United States | ≤18 months | Biomedical |
| Judith Graham Pool Postdoctoral Research Fellowships from the National Hemophilia Foundation | February letter of intent for April application | Yes | ≤6 years | Biomedical |
| Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International (JDRF) Postdoctoral and Advanced Postdoctoral Fellowships | June | Yes | varies | Biomedical |
| JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowship for Short-term Research in Japan | January, April | No | | All fields of the humanities, social sciences, and natural Sciences |
| Keystone Symposia Scholarships | Varies | | <6 years | Biology |
| Leakey Foundation Research Grants | January | Yes | | Human Origins |
| The Leukemia and Lymphoma Society Career Development Awards | September | Yes | Various | Biomedical |
| The Lewis and Clark Fund for Exploration and Field Research in Astrobiology | February | Yes | <5 years | Philosophy and astrobiology |
| L'Oreal USA For Women in Science Fellowship | February | No | | STEM |
| Lung Cancer Research Foundation | July | | | Biomedical |
| Lymphatic Education and Research Network Postdoctoral Fellowship Awards Program | January | Yes | >3 years | Biomedical |
| Mathilde Krim Fellowships in Basic Biomedical Research (HIV/AIDS) | July | | 3-6 years | Biomedical |
| Milton Safenowitz Postdoctoral Fellowship for ALS Research Awards | January (abstract)/March (final) | Yes | >18 months | Biomedical |
| Morris Animal Foundation Fellowship Training Grant | July | | | Welfare of large animals |
| National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Postdoctoral Fellowships | December | varies by program | | Economics |
| National Endowment for the Arts's Literature Fellowships | March | | | Prose & Poetry |
| National Multiple Sclerosis Society Postdoctoral Fellowship in Rehabilitation Research | August | Yes | <3 years | Biomedical |
| New Horizons in Physics or Math Prize for Junior Researchers | May | | | Physics and math |
| NIH Mentored Quantitative Research Development Award (K25) | Feb. 12, June 12, Oct. 12 annually | No | No requirement | Quantitative fields transitioning to biomedical |
| NIH Pathway to Independence Award (K99/R00) | Feb. 12, June 12, Oct. 12 annually | Yes | <4 years | Biomedical |
| NIH Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award Individual Postdoctoral Fellowship (Parent F32) | April, August, December (annually) | No | ≤3 years | Biomedical |
| NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowships | October | No | ≤5 years since Ph.D. and <3 years postdoctoral training | Astronomy and astrophysics |
| NSF Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowships | January | No | ≤3 years | Atmospheric and geospace sciences |
| NSF Documenting Endangered Languages | September | | | Social, behavioral, and economic sciences |
| NSF Earth Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowships | January | No | ≤18 full-time-equivalent months | Earth sciences |
| NSF GeoPRISMS Postdoctoral Fellowships | July | Yes | | Geology |
| NSF Mathematical Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowships | October | No | ≤2 years | Mathematical sciences |
| NSF Postdoctoral Fellowships in Polar Regions Research | Full proposal accepted anytime | No | ≤4 years since Ph.D. and <3 years postdoctoral training | Polar regions research |
| NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowships in Biology | November | No | ≤12 full-time months | Biology |
| NSF Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowships | October | No | ≤36 months | Social, behavioral, and economic sciences |
| NSF Science, Technology, and Society Postdoctoral Fellowships | August | No | ≤5 years | Interface between STEM disciplines and society |
| Pancreatic Cancer Action Network-AACR Pathway to Leadership Grant | October | Yes | <5 years | Biomedical |
| Paralyzed Veterans of America Research Foundation | September | Yes | <4 years | Biomedical |
| Parkinson's Disease Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowships for Basic Scientists | November (lol); full application: (February) | Yes | <5 years | Biomedical |
| Pathway to Stop Diabetes: Initiator (Postdoc-to-Faculty Transition) Award | April | | <7 years | Biomedical |
| PhRMA Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowships and Research Starter Grants | September | No | | Biomedical |
| PLOS Early Career Travel Award Program | Multiple | | <5 years | Authors of PLOS articles |
| Psychosocial Research Postdoctoral Fellowship Grants | March | Yes | <5 years | |
| Prostate Cancer Research Program Postdoctoral Training Award | August | Yes | ≤3 years | Biomedical |
| Sam Nunn Center for International Strategy, Technology, and Policy Fellowships | March | | | Various |
| Simons Autism Research Initiative Bridge to Independence Award | February | Yes | ≤8 years | Biomedical |
| Simons Collaboration on the Origins of Life Postdoctoral Fellowships | September | Yes | <5 years | Astroscience |
| Smith Postdoctoral Fellowship in Conservation Biology | September | | <5 years | Conservation biology |
| Simons Postdoctoral Fellowships in Marine Microbial Ecology | May | Yes | <2 years | Marine microbial ecology |
| Spencer Foundation Small Research Grants | | | | Various |
| Susan G. Komen Postdoctoral Fellowship Grants | July | Yes | ≤5 years | Biomedical |
| Thrasher Research Foundation Early Career Award | March and September | Yes | ≤3 years | Biomedical |
| Understanding Dynamic and Multi-scale Systems - 21st Century Postdoctoral Fellowship Awards (James S. McDonnell Foundation) | June | | | Systems |
| Wings for Life Spinal Cord Research Foundation | September | | | Biomedical |
